Enamel is the thin hard shell that covers the tooth surface. It is the hardest substance in the body and it forms a protective covering for the crown. Enamel is translucent and it lets light through but the part responsible for the tooth color is the dentin.

The enamel can become stained by different substances such as tea, coffee, red wine, soda, fruit juices, and other foods. Dental cleaning and polishing can remove most of the surface stains, keeping the teeth healthy.

Enamel erosion can occur due to a number of reasons. Acids in foods and drinks can wear away the enamel. Many soft drinks contain citric and phosphoric acids. Sugar encourages the growth of bacteria in the mouth and this produces acids that erode the enamel. Failure to brush the teeth regularly encourages erosion. Enamel erosion is caused by fruit drinks, candy, sour foods, and diets full of starch and sugar.

Low saliva flow that causes dry mouth can encourage erosion. Saliva in the mouth helps wash away harmful acids. Heartburn or acid reflux disease can cause stomach acids to get to the mouth where they cause damage to the enamel.

Gastrointestinal problems can lead to enamel erosion. Other causes include genetics, certain medications, high alcohol consumption, and environmental causes such as stress, friction, corrosion, wear, and tear.

The severity of enamel erosion can vary and it will depend on the stage. Some common signs include teeth sensitivity, discoloration, cracks, and chips. Having shiny or smooth surfaces on the teeth can be an indication of enamel erosion.

During the later stages, people experience severe or painful sensitivity. Cupping or the appearance of indentations on the teeth surface are signs of enamel erosion. Teeth with eroded enamel are more susceptible to tooth decay and cavities.

The best way to prevent enamel loss is by regular brushing, flossing, and rinsing the mouth. Using an antiseptic mouthwash to rinse the mouth after eating foods that contain harmful acids is important. It is important to visit a dentist regularly for checkup and dental cleaning. You can prevent enamel erosion by avoiding foods and drinks that are highly acidic.
 

Using a straw when drinking acidic drinks can help. It also helps to drink a glass of milk after meals as this cancels out the acids. Drinking plenty of water and chewing sugar-free gum can boost saliva.

Once the enamel has been eroded, it cannot be restored, but the existing enamel can be strengthened. Using fluoride toothpaste can protect the enamel and strengthen teeth. Always use a soft toothbrush and try not to brush your teeth too vigorously.